Fast Simulation of Steady - State Availability

This paper considers eecient simulation techniques for estimating steady-state quantities in models of highly dependable computing systems with general component failure and repair time distributions. Earlier approaches in this application setting for steady-state estimation rely on the regenerative method of simulation, which can be used when the failure time distributions are exponentially distributed. However, when the failure times are generally distributed the regen-erative structure is lost and a new approach must be taken. The approach we take is to exploit a ratio representation for steady-state quantities in terms of cycles that are no longer independent and identically distributed. A \splitting" technique is used in which importance sampling is used to speed up the simulation of rare system failure events during a cycle, and standard simulation is used to estimate the expected cycle length. Experimental results show that the method is eeective in practice.